Rečnik
47 termina iz specifikacije, obračuna i izvođenja asfalterskih radova.
- AASHTO
- American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Publishes the material and design standards most US state DOTs adopt, including AASHTO M 323 for Superpave mix design.
- Aggregate
- The crushed stone, gravel and sand that makes up roughly 94–95% of an asphalt mix by weight. Aggregate gradation determines whether a mix is dense-graded, gap-graded or open-graded.
- Air voids
- The percentage of the compacted mix volume that is air. Target is typically 3–5% for a dense-graded surface course. Too low and the mix ruts; too high and it oxidises and ravels.
- Asphalt cement
- North American term for the bitumen binder itself, as distinct from the finished mix. Sold by grade, e.g. PG 64-22.
- BBSG
- Béton Bitumineux Semi-Grenu. The standard French dense-graded surface course, usually 0/10 gradation laid 5–7 cm thick, with a density near 2,370 kg/m³.
- BBME
- Béton Bitumineux à Module Élevé. A French high-modulus surface course using modified binder, used on heavily trafficked routes.
- Binder course
- The intermediate asphalt lift between the base and the wearing course. Coarser and cheaper than surface mix.
- Bitumen
- The heavy petroleum residue that binds the aggregate. Called asphalt cement in North America and bitumen almost everywhere else.
- Blacktop
- Colloquial North American term for asphalt pavement. No technical distinction from asphalt concrete.
- CBR
- California Bearing Ratio. A subgrade strength index. Pavement thickness design is driven directly by the CBR of the soil underneath.
- Cold mix
- Asphalt mixed with emulsified or cutback binder at ambient temperature. Used for patching and low-volume rural surfacing.
- Compaction
- Rolling the loose mat to reduce air voids and lock the aggregate skeleton. Loose asphalt loses roughly 15–25% of its volume during compaction.
- Cutback asphalt
- Bitumen thinned with a petroleum solvent so it can be applied cold. Largely replaced by emulsions for environmental reasons.
- DBM
- Dense Bituminous Macadam. The Indian binder / base course specified under MoRTH Clause 507, density around 2,370 kg/m³.
- Dense-graded
- A continuous aggregate gradation producing a low-voids, impermeable mix. The default for almost all paving.
- EME 2
- Enrobé à Module Élevé, class 2. A French high-modulus base course that allows a thinner structure for the same load capacity.
- Emulsion
- Bitumen dispersed in water with a surfactant, allowing cold application. Used for tack coats, prime coats and chip seals.
- Full-depth
- A pavement built entirely of asphalt layers placed directly on the prepared subgrade, with no unbound aggregate base.
- Gmm
- Theoretical maximum specific gravity — the density of the mix with zero air voids. Field density is reported as a percentage of Gmm.
- Gmb
- Bulk specific gravity of the compacted mix, measured on a core or gyratory specimen.
- Grave bitume (GB)
- The French asphalt-treated base course, graded GB2 through GB4 by performance class.
- HMA
- Hot Mix Asphalt. Produced at 275–350 °F (135–175 °C), the standard for permanent paving.
- HRA
- Hot Rolled Asphalt. A traditional UK gap-graded surface course, usually finished with pre-coated chippings rolled into the surface.
- Lift
- One pass of the paver — a single layer of asphalt placed and compacted before the next is laid. Maximum practical lift is about 3× the largest aggregate size.
- Macadam
- Historically, a graded crushed stone pavement. In UK usage, 'macadam' or 'tarmacadam' refers to bitumen-bound aggregate pavement generally.
- Marshall
- The older mix design method using a 4 in mould and a drop hammer, still used in India, Pakistan and many other markets.
- Mill and fill
- Removing the top 1.5–2 in of a worn pavement with a milling machine and replacing it with fresh mix. The most common rehabilitation method.
- MoRTH
- India's Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Its Specifications for Road and Bridge Works define BC, DBM, BM and premix.
- NAPA
- National Asphalt Pavement Association, the US industry body that publishes the density and construction references most estimators rely on.
- NHA
- Pakistan's National Highway Authority, whose General Specifications govern bitumen grade and mix design on national routes.
- OGFC
- Open-Graded Friction Course. A thin porous surface layer, roughly 115 lb/ft³, laid to reduce spray and noise.
- Penetration grade
- The older binder classification (60/70, 80/100) still standard across South Asia, the Middle East and parts of Europe.
- PG grade
- Performance Grade binder classification, e.g. PG 64-22, giving the high and low pavement design temperatures in °C.
- Premix
- Indian term for a plant-mixed bituminous material, most often the open-graded premix carpet used as a thin surfacing.
- Prime coat
- A low-viscosity bitumen sprayed onto an unbound aggregate base to seal it and bond the first asphalt lift.
- RAP
- Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. Milled-up old pavement, reused either as millings in its own right or blended back into new mix at 15–30%.
- Ravelling
- Progressive loss of aggregate from the surface, usually caused by binder oxidation or inadequate compaction.
- Rut
- A longitudinal depression in the wheel path caused by permanent deformation of the mix or the layers beneath it.
- Sealcoat
- A coal tar or asphalt emulsion coating applied over an existing surface to slow oxidation. Cosmetic and protective, not structural.
- SMA
- Stone Matrix Asphalt. A gap-graded, stone-on-stone mix with high binder content and fibre, used where rutting resistance matters.
- Subgrade
- The prepared native soil the whole pavement structure sits on.
- Superpave
- The US performance-based mix design system introduced by SHRP, using the gyratory compactor and PG binders.
- Tack coat
- A thin bitumen emulsion sprayed between asphalt lifts so they bond into a single structural slab.
- Tarmac
- British colloquial term for asphalt pavement, from tarmacadam. Also a registered company name in the UK.
- Tonne vs ton
- A metric tonne is 1,000 kg (2,204.6 lb). A US short ton is 2,000 lb (907.2 kg). A tonne is about 10% heavier.
- WMA
- Warm Mix Asphalt. Produced 30–100 °F cooler than HMA using additives or foaming, cutting fuel use and extending the paving season.
- Wearing course
- The top asphalt layer, in direct contact with traffic.